All About Education: 2016

University Of Liverpool

Following a Royal Charter and Act of Parliament in 1903, it became an independent university with the right to confer its own degrees called the University of Liverpool. The next few years saw major developments at the university, including Sir synapse and William Blair-Bell's work in the treatment of cancer. In the to Chadwick and Sir major contributions to the development of the 1943 to 1966 Professor of Bacteriology, was involved in the eradication .In 1994 the university was a founding member of the Russell Group, a collaboration of twenty leading research-intensive universities, as well as a founding member of the Group in 2004. In the 21st century physicists, engineers and technicians from the University of Liverpool were involved in the construction of the on two of the four detectors in the The university has produced nine Nobel Prize winners, from the fields of science laureates include the physician James Chadwick, chemist Sir Robert Robinson, chemist Khorana, physiologist Rodney Porter, economist Ronald and physicist Joseph Sir Ronald Ross was also the first British Nobel laureate in 1902. The University is also associated with Professors Ronald Finn and Sir Cyril Clarke who jointly won the Clinical Medical Research Award in 1980 and Sir David who won the Special Achievement Award in Medical Science in 2010. These Awards are popularly known as America's .Over the 2013/2014 academic year, members of staff took part in numerous strikes as a result of rises after staff were offered a pay rise of 1% equated to a 13% pay cut since 2008. The strikes were supported by both the university's Guild of Students and the National Union of Students.Some students at the university supported the strike, occupying buildings on campus.The university is mainly based around a single urban campus approximately five minutes walk from Liverpool City, at the top of and Mount Pleasant. Occupying 100 acres, it contains 192 non-residential buildings that house 69 lecture 114 teaching areas and state-of-the-art research facilities.The main site is divided into three faculties: Health and Life Sciences; Humanities and Social Sciences; and Science and Engineering. The Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Botanical Gardens are based on the Peninsula. There was formerly a marine biology research station at Port Erin on the Isle of Man until it closed in 2006.Fifty-one residential buildings, on or near the campus, provide 3,385 rooms for students, on a catered or self-catering basis. The of the campus remains the University's original red brick building, the Victoria Building. Opened in 1892, it has recently been restored as the Victoria Gallery and Museum, complete with cafe and activities for school visits Victoria Gallery and Museum, University of Liverpool.In 2011 the university made a commitment to invest into the 'Student Experience', will reportedly be spent on Student Accommodation. Announced so far have been two large On-Campus halls of residences (the first of which, Vine Court, opened September 2012, new Veterinary Science facilities, and a refurbishment of the Liverpool Guild of Students. New Central Teaching Laboratories for physics, earth sciences, chemistry and archaeology were opened in autumn 2012.In 2013, the University of Liverpool opened a satellite campus in Square in London, offering a range of professionally masters

University Of Leeds

The university has 31,030 students, the eighth largest university in the UK (out of 165). From 2006 to present, the university has consistently been ranked within the top 5 (alongside Manchester University,Manchester Metropolitan University, Nottingham University and Edinburgh University) in the United Kingdom for the number of applications received Leeds had a total income of £639.6 million in 2014/15, of which £152.1 million was from research grants and contracts.The university has financial endowments of £66.7 million (2014–15), ranking outside the top ten British universities by financial endowment.The university is a founding member of the Russell Group of research-intensive universities, the research collaboration the Worldwide Universities Network, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, the White Rose University Consortium, the Network and and is also affiliated and Universities UK.For 2015-16, Leeds is ranked nationally between 14th (Times and Sunday Times) and 23rd (The Guardian). Internationally, the university is ranked as the 32nd best in Europe and globally ranked 87th in the 20 and 101–150 (201. Leeds was ranked 10th in the UK for research power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework, the best and between 2014–15, Leeds was ranked as the 10th most targeted British university by the UK's top graduate alumni include former Secretary of State Jack Straw, former co-chairman of the Conservative American actor Chris Pine The university's history is linked to the development of Leeds as an international for the textile industry and clothing manufacture in the United Kingdom during the Victorian era. The university's roots can be traced back to the formation of schools of medicine in English cities to serve the general public.Prior to 1900, only five universities had been established in England and one in Wales. These consisted of of Oxford (founded between 1096–1201), University of Cambridge (founded c. 1201), University of London (founded in 1836), Durham University (founded in 1832), and the federal Victoria University (founded in 1880); the University of Wales was founded in 1893.The Victoria University was established in Manchester in 1880 as a federal university in the North of England, instead of the government elevating Owens College to a university and grant it a royal charter. Owens College was the sole college of Victoria University from 1880 to 1884; in 1887 Yorkshire College was the third to join the universityIn 1831, the Leeds School of Medicine was established with the aim of serving the needs of the five medical institutions which had been established in the city. In 1874, the Yorkshire College of Science was created to provide education for the children of middle-class industrialists and merchants. Financial support from local industry was crucial in setting up the College and aiding the students. The university continues to these elements of its history; for example, there is still remains Court on campus.The College of Science on Owens College, Manchester, was established in 1851 as non-sectarian and was open to Dissenters, Catholics and Jews (though not then to women) since the Oxford and Cambridge, restricted attendance to members only of the Church of England. University College London was non-sectarian. The religious qualification ceased in the but the classics-based education continued at Oxford and Cambridge The Northern colleges continued to promote themselves as offering a general education that was progressive and pragmatic in nature as were the technical colleges of Germany and the ancient universities upon which they were The Yorkshire College of Science began by teaching experimental physics, mathematics, geology, mining, chemistry and biology, and soon became well known as an international for the study of engineering and textile technology due to the manufacturing and textile trades being strong in the West Riding). When classics, modern literature and history went on offer a few years later, the Yorkshire College of Science became simply the Yorkshire College. In 1884, the Yorkshire College absorbed the Leeds School of Medicine and subsequently joined the federal Victoria University (established at Manchester in 1880) on 3 November 1887 Students in this period were awarded external degrees by the University of London

University Of Kent

The university has a rural campus north of Canterbury situated within 300 acres of park land, housing over 6,000 students, as well as additional sites in Kent and European postgraduate Rome 2014 the university was ranked 80th in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in Top 100 Universities Under 50 Years Additionally, Times Higher Education also ranked the university 20th in the United Kingdom in 2015 though aggregating multiple ranking results into a comprehensive table of ranking tables It is among a group of institutions to consistently score 90% or above for overall satisfaction in the In 2013, nearly 28,000 students applied to the university through and 5,190 accepted offers of places The average score achieved by entrants in 2014/15 was 363 university in the ancient city of Canterbury was first considered in 1947, when an anticipated growth in student numbers led several localities to seek the creation of a new university, including Kent. However, the plans came to nothing. A decade later both population growth and greater demand for university places led to new considerations. In 1959 the Education Committee of Kent County Council explored the creation of a new university formally accepting the proposal unanimously on 24 February 1960. Two months later the Education Committee agreed to seek a site at or near Canterbury, given the historical associations of the city, subject to the support of Canterbury City Council.By 1962 a site was found at Beverley Farm, straddling the then boundary between the City of Canterbury and the administrative county of Kent.The university's original name, chosen in 1962, was the University of Kent at Canterbury, reflecting the fact that the campus straddled the boundary between the county borough and Kent County Council. At the time it was the normal practice for universities to be named after the town or city whose boundaries they were in, with both "University of Kent" and "University of Canterbury" initially proposed. The name adopted reflected the support of both the city and county authorities, as well as the existence of the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, which officially opposed the use of a name too The abbreviation became a popular abbreviation for the University of Kent at Canterbury was granted its Royal Charter on 4 January 1965 and the first students arrived in the October of that year. On 30 Mar Marina, Duchess of Kent was formally installed as the first University was envisaged as being a collegiate establishment, with most students living in one of the colleges on campus, and as in inter- in all fields Over the years, changes in government policy and changing demands have largely destroyed this original concept, leading to the present state, which is nearer the norm for a British University. However, the four original colleges Darwin, Eliot, Keynes and Rutherford – remain, each with their own Master. Woolf college opened in 2008 and Turing college in 2014.The university grew at a rapid rate throughout the with three colleges and many other buildings on campus being completed by the end of the decade.The saw further construction, but the university also encountered the biggest physical problem in its history The university had been built above a tunnel on the disused Canterbury and Railway. In July 1974 the tunnel collapsed, damaging part of the Cornwallis Building, which sank nearly a within about an hour on the evening of 11 July Fortunately, the university had insurance against subsidence, so it was able to pay for the south-west corner of the building to be demolished and replaced by a new wing at the other end of the building Building elsewhere included the Park Wood accommodation village and the Darwin houses in 1989.In 1982 the university opened the University at (now the University of Kent at To for its School of Continuing education, helping to enhance the availability of teaching across the county.During University expanded beyond its original campus, establishing campuses i and Brussels, and College, West Kent College, South Kent College and College.The arts complex acts as the front door to the Canterbury campus. The building includes a foyer and cafe bar and is a meeting place for students, staff and the general public. The foyer also includes the small stage which hosts monthly comedy nights as well as occasional shows such as Jazz at Five and The Chortle Student Comedy Awards. The seats 340 and presents student, professional and amateur shows throughout the year. The was opened in 1969 and was named after the Foundation which helped fund its construction. The complex also hosts a cafe/ bar and restaurant facility open to students, staff and the general public.In December 2012 Building opened adjacent to the It includes an adaptable format concert rehearsal hall with retractable seating and variable acoustics and practice rooms.The Cinema is an independent cinema in the complex open to students and the general public. It is Kent's regional film showing new mainstream and non-mainstream releases as well as archive and foreign language films. In the daytime the cinema is used as a lecture for £1.5 million sports facility called the completed in 2003. Its facilities include tennis and squash courts, hockey and football pitches, a gymnasium, a cardio , a dance studio, a multi-purpose sports hall and a cafe.In 2010 the campus nightclub The Venue, was refurbished and The upstairs area was transformed into a live music venue, formerly known as The Lighthouse and called The Attic. Both established and local bands and are featured throughout the term. The Venue is open Wednesday Saturday The attic closed in 2013 and is now a Student media which hosts Inquire, and. The Canterbury innovation launched at Kent in 2010.

University Of Hull

The University's Jones Library was the workplace of the poet Philip who served as its Head Librarian for over thirty years The Philip activities in remembrance of including the 25 festival which was organised during 2010 in partnership with the University. The Library was also the workplace of former poet laureate Andrew Motion. Lord Wilberforce was chancellor of the University from 1978 until 1994. Robert Armstrong was the chancellor from 1994 to 2006. Virginia was installed as the current chancellor in April 2006.Alumni of the University of Hull are especially prominent in the fields of politics, academia, journalism and drama. They include former MP and later Deputy Prime Minister Lord Prescott former MP and Deputy Leader of the Party Lord and current deputy leader Tom Watson, politician and author Chris, social scientist Lord Anthony , poet Roger journalist John McCarthy and film director, playwright and screenwriter Albert, the Duke of York who later became king as George VI. The college was built on land donated by Hull City Council and by two local benefactors, Thomas and G F Grant. A year later the first 14 departments, in pure sciences and the arts, opened with 39 students. The college at that time consisted of one building, now named the Venn building after the mathematician John Venn, who was born in Hull. The building now houses the administrative of the university. Other early buildings include the Cohen Building, which originally housed the college library, and Staff House, built in 1948 as the Student's Union. Another early structure was the Chemistry Building, built in 1953. With the rapid expansion of student numbers which took place in the many many academic departments were housed in temporary buildings, colloquially known as 'huts,' which gave the campus the feel of an 'academic army camp many of the buildings on Hull's campus are of red brick it is not a redbrick university in the strictest sense of the term, as it was not founded as part of the civic university movement of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras. with its origins in the , has been as a 'younger civic and it is placed between the 'r and the universities' founded in the The university's expansion in recent decades has seen the addition of a variety of building styles: from the traditional older buildings, through teaching blocks, to modern additions.The first principal of the college was Arthur E., the second was John H who also served as the university's first vice-chancellor when the college was granted university status.Th Jones Library, which houses more than a million volumes, was constructed in two phases: the first phase was fully completed in, with a tower block extension officially opened in 1970. During the and a considerable number of academic buildings were built, including the and Wilberforce Buildings The 'Martin Plan' of 1967, Sir Leslie Martin the university architect, envisaged a campus with its tallest buildings in the surrounded by buildings diminishing in height towards the perimeter. In the course of the most of the departments housed in temporary structures were moved into new purpose-built premises. However, Biochemistry was still partially located in a 'hut' to the rear of the Venn building into the earl This early phase of expansion through building ended in 1974, after this year there was to be no further academic building construction on the campus until 1996. However, student numbers doubled in this period, with the university becoming highly efficient in using there were two faculties, the 'Faculty of Applied Science & Technology' and the 'Faculty of Science & the Environment', before becoming the 'Faculty of Science' and later being renamed to the 'Faculty of Science and Engineering'.Notable sub-departments include the Hull Immersive Environment , the Institute for Est and Coastal Studies. The Chemistry department is noted for its research record, and the Computer Science department is noted for its Computer Science and Video Game development degrees.A new biomedical research facility will bring academics from biology and chemistry together and will include Positron Emission Tomography with two mini cyclotrons. Two new research groups will be based at the facility, called the building: one focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic research and the other on cancer.

University Of Auckland

The University of Auckland began as a constituent of the University of New Zealand, founded on 23 May 1883 as Auckland University College. Stewardship of the University during its establishment period was the responsibility of John Chapman Andrew (Vice Chancellor of the University of New Zealand 1885–1903). Housed in a disused courthouse and jail, it started out with 95 students and 4 teaching staff: Frederick Douglas Brown, professor of chemistry (London and Oxford); Phillips of natural sciences (Oxford); Thomas George Tucker, professor of classics (Cambridge); and George Francis Walker, professor of mathematics (Cambridge). By 1901, student numbers had risen to 156; the majority of these students were training towards being law clerks or teachers and were enrolled part-time. From 1905 an increasing number of students enrolled in commerce studies.The University conducted little research until the when there was a spike in interest in academic research during the Depression. At this point, the college's executive council issued several resolutions in of academic freedom after the controversial dismissal of John (allegedly for a letter to a newspaper where he publicly defended the right of communists to distribute their literature), which helped encourage the college's growth.In 1934, four new professors joined the college: Arthur (English), H.G. (Mathematics), C.G. Cooper (Classics) and James Rutherford (History). The combination of new talent, and academic freedom, saw Auckland University College flourish through to .[5]In 1950, the Elam School of Fine Arts was brought into the University of Auckland. Archie Fisher, who had been appointed principal of the Elam School of Fine Arts was instrumental in having it brought in the University of Auckland.The University of New Zealand was dissolved in 1961 and the University of Auckland was empowered[6] by the University of Auckland Act 1961.In 1966, lecturers Keith Sinclair and Bob Chapman established The University of Auckland Art Collection, beginning with the purchase of several paintings and drawings by Colin. The Collection is now managed by the for Art Research, based at the Gus Fisher Gallery. The Stage A of the Science building is opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother on 3 May.Queen Elizabeth II opened the new School of Medicine Building at Grafton on 24 March 1970. The Queen also opened the Institute in 2002.The North Shore Campus, established in 2001, was located in the suburb of It offered the Bachelor of Business and Information Management degree. At the end of 2006, the campus was closed and the degree relocated to the City campus.On 1 September 2004, the Auckland College of Education merged with the University's School of Education (previously part of the Arts Faculty) to form the Faculty of Education. The faculty is based at the Epsom Campus of the former college, with an additional campus in Professor Stuart became Vice-Chancellor on 1 January 2005. He was previously the Vice-Chancellor of Victoria University of Wellington. He succeeded Dr John Hood (PhD, Hon. LLD), who was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.The University opened a new business school building in 2007, following the completion of the Information Commons. It has recently gained international for all its and now completes the "Triple Crown" In May 2013 the University purchased a site for new 5 hectare campus adjacent to the major business area in It will provide the University with a site for expansion over the next 50 years, with Engineering occupying the first of the new faculties in 2014.The Blazon of the Arms of the University of Auckland is: Azure between three mullets argent an open Book proper edged and bound Or with seven Clasps on either side Or, on a chief wavy also argent three Kiwis proper.[9] Translation of the Blazon. The shield is the first part described "Azure" means blue so the shield is blue. A "mullet" is a five pointed star and when there are three of them they are depicted two above and one below. Their is silver ("argent".) Between these stars is an open book and "proper" means the book is shown in its natural – normally black and white. The edge ("edged") of the book and the binding of the book is in gold ("Or".) and it is bound with seven clasps on either side which would close the book securely when closed. These clasps are also gold. A "chief" is a broad strip at the top of the shield but "wavy" means that the base of the chief is in a wave like line. The of the chief is silver ("argent".) On the chief are three kiwis and "proper" means that’s they are shown in their natural The university's motto is which may be translated from Latin as "By natural ability and hard work."[9]Until his death in 2009, the longest serving staff member was Emeritus Professor of Prehistory, Roger Curtis Green, BA (New Mexico), PhD . He had been on the staff 1961–66 and from 1973 . The longest serving, non-'retired' staff member is Bernard Brown,, LLB (Hons) (Leeds (Sing.). He has been a full-time senior lecturer in the faculty of law 1962-65 and 1969 . William Phillips, the influential economist largely famed for curve, taught at the university from 1969 until his death in 1975.According to the Association of University Staff of New Zealand in 2007, New Zealand universities, including the University of Auckland, had been taking a more litigious approach to managing their staff in recent years and engaged lawyers and employment advocates to handle even minor matters. The University of Auckland "paid out more than $780,000 in 2006 to settle problems it listed as including personal grievances and disputes".[28] For example, Paul Buchanan, a popular, world-renowned lecturer on international relations and security, was summarily dismissed in 2007 because a student to whom he sent an email complained that she found his comments about her performance in his class to be offensive.[29] He was later reinstated,[30] but this was just a formality[29] and he never returned to lecturing. As the would not financially support a case for full reinstatement, Buchanan accepted the formal reinstatement and a nominal monetary payout as a settlement of his appeal to the Employment Court.[29]The University of Auckland is a research-led university, and had the second highest ranking in the 2006 and 2012 Performance Based Research Fund exercises conducted by the government that evaluated the quality of researchers and research output of all tertiary institutions in New Zealand.In the previous evaluation in 2003, when the University was ranked the top research university in New Zealand, the Commission commented: "On virtually any measure, the University of Auckland is the country’s leading research university. Not only did it achieve the highest quality score of any [tertiary education organisation], but it also has by far the largest share of A-rated researchers in the country.

University College London

main campus is located in the historic Bloomsbury area of central London, with a number of institutes and teaching hospitals elsewhere in central London. An affiliated satellite campus is located Doha, Qatar. is organised into 11 constituent faculties, within which there are over 100 departments, institutes and research operates several museums and manages collections in a wide range of fields, including the Museum of Egyptian Archaeology and the Grant Museum of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. In 2014/15, had around 35,600 students and 12,000 staff (including around 7,100 academic staff and 980 professors) and had a total income of £1.18 billion, of which £427.5 million was from research grants and contracts.[2] is a member of numerous academic organisations, including group of universities, and is part of Partners, the world's largest academic health science ,[14] and the'golden triangle' of elite English universities.[15]is one of the most selective British universities and consistently ranks highly in national and international league tables.[16][17][18][19][20] graduates are ranked among the most employable in the world by international employers[21][22] and its alumni include the "Father of the Nation" of each of India, Kenya and Mauritius, the founders ,[23] modern Japan[24] and Nigeria,[25] the inventor of the telephone, and one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA. academics have contributed to major advances in several disciplines; all five of the naturally gases were discovered at by William Ramsay,[26] hormones were co-discovered at by Ernest ,[27] the vacuum tube was invented by graduate John Fleming while a faculty of,[28]and several advances in modern statistics were made at statistical science department founded Pearson.[29] There are at least 33 Nobel Prize winners and three Fields medalists alumni and current and former staff.[note 2]Despite the commonly held belief that the philosopher Jeremy Bentham was the founder of, his direct involvement was limited to the purchase of share No.633, at a cost of £100 paid in nine installments between December 1826 and January 1830. In 1828 he did nominate a friend to sit on the council, and in 1827 attempted to have his disciple John as the first professor of English or History, but on both occasions his candidates were unsuccessful.[33] This suggests that while his ideas may have been influential, he himself was less so. However Bentham is today commonly regarded as the "spiritual father" of , as his radical ideas on education and society were the inspiration to the institution's founders, particularly the Scotsmen James Mill (1773–1836) and Henry Brougham (1778–1868).[34]In 1827, the Chair of Political Economy at London University was created, with John Ramsay M as the first incumbent, establishing one of the first departments of economics in England.[35] In 1828 the university became the first in England to offer English as a subject[36] and the teaching of Classics and medicine began. In 1830, London University founded the London University School, which would later become University College School. In 1833, the university appointed Alexander Secretary to the Royal Geographical Society, as the first professor of geography in the UK. In 1834, University College Hospital (originally North London Hospital) opened as a teaching hospital for the university medical school.[37]In 1836, London University was incorporated by Royal Charter under the name University College, London. On the same day, the University of London was created by royal charter as a degree-awarding examining board for students from affiliated schools and colleges, with University College and King's College, London being named in the charter as the first two affiliates.[38]The School of Fine Art was founded in 1871 following a bequest from Felix.[39]In 1878 the University of London gained a supplemental charter making it the first British university to be allowed to award degrees to women. The same year, admitted women to the faculties of Arts and Law and of Science, although women remained barred from the faculties of Engineering and of Medicine (with the exception of courses on public health and hygiene).[40][41] While claims to have been the first university in England to admit women on equal terms to men, from 1878, the University of Bristol also makes this claim, having admitted women from its foundation (as a college) in 1876.[42] Armstrong College, a predecessor institution of Newcastle University, also allowed women to enter from its foundation in 1871, although none actually enrolled until 1881.[43] Women were finally admitted to medical studies during the First World War in 1917, although after the war ended limitations were placed on their numbers.[44]In 2005, was finally granted its own taught and research degree awarding powers and all new students registered from 2007/08 qualified with degrees. Also in 2005, adopted a new corporate branding, under which, among other things, the name University College London was replaced by the simple all external communications.[72] In the same year a major new £422 million building was opened for University College Hospital on Road,[73] the Ear Institute was established and a new building for the School of Slavonic and East European Studies was opened.In 2007, the Cancer Institute was opened in the newly constructed Paul Building. In August 200 Partners, an academic health science with Great Street Hospital for Children Trust, Eye Hospital Foundation Trust, Royal Free London Foundation Trust and University College London Hospitals Foundation Trust.[74] In 2008 established the School of Energy & Resources in Adelaide, Australia, the first campus of a British university in the country.[75] The School is based in the historic Torrens Building in Victoria Square and its creation followed negotiations between Vice Provost Michael and South Australian Premier Mike [76]In 2009, the was established Yale University, Yale School of Yale – New Haven Hospital.[77] It is the largest collaboration in the history of either university, and its scope has subsequently been extended to the humanities and social sciences.

University Of WarWick

Warwick is primarily based on a 290 hectare campus on the outskirts of Coventry with a satellite campus in London base at the Shard in central London.[4][5][6][7] It is organised into four faculties—Arts, Medicine, Science and Social Sciences—within which there are 32 departments. Warwick has around 23,600 full-time students and 1,800 academic and research staff[2] and had a total income of £512.8 million in 2014/15, of which £100.8 million was from research grants and contracts.[1] Warwick Arts , a multi-venue arts complex in the university's main campus, is the largest venue of its kind in the U outside London.Warwick consistently ranks in the top ten of all major domestic rankings of British universities[8] and is the only multi-faculty institution aside from Oxford and Cambridge to have never been ranked outside the top ten.[9] It was ranked by as the world's third best university under 50 years in 2013 (and first in Europe)[10] and as the world's 20th best university based on employer reputation.[11] It was ranked 7th in the UK multi-faculty institutions for the quality (GPA) of its research and 15th for its Research Power in the 2014 Research Excellence Framework.[12] Entrance is competitive, with around 7.17 applicants per place for undergraduate study.[2]The idea for a university in Warwickshire was first mooted shortly after the Second World War, although it was not founded for a further two decades. A partnership of the city and county councils ultimately provided the impetus for the university to be established on a 400-acre (1.6 site jointly granted by the two authorities.[13] There was some discussion between local sponsors from both the city and county over whether it should be named after Coventry or Warwickshire.[13] The name "University of Warwick" was adopted, even though the County Town of Warwick itself lies some 8 miles (13 km) to its southwest and Coventry's city is only 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northeast of the campus.[14][15][16][17] The establishment of the University of Warwick was given approval by the government in 1961 and received its Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1965. Since then, the university has incorporated the former Coventry College of Education in 1979 and has extended its land holdings by the continuing purchase of adjoining farm land. The university also benefited from a substantial donation from the family of Jack Martin, which enabled the construction of the Warwick Arts The university initially admitted a small intake of graduate students in 1964 and took its first 450 undergraduates in October 1965. Since its establishment Warwick has expanded its grounds to 721 acres (2.9 with many modern buildings and academic facilities, lakes, and woodlands. In the 1960 and , Warwick had a reputation as a politically radical institution.[18] More recently, the university was as a institution of the government which was in power from 1997 to 2010.[19][20] It was academic partner for a number of flagship Government schemes including the National Academy for Gifted and Talented Youth and University (now defunct). Tony Blair described Warwick as "a beacon among British universities for its dynamism, quality and entrepreneurial zeal".[19]Under Vice-Chancellor, Lord Warwick was one of the first UK universities to adopt a business approach to higher education, develop close links with the business community and exploit the commercial value of its research. In a 2012 study by Virgin Media Business, Warwick was described as the most "digitally-savvy" UK university.[7]The Leicester Warwick Medical School, a new medical school based jointly at Warwick and Leicester University, opened in September 2000.[21]On the recommendation of Tony Blair, Bill Clinton chose Warwick as the venue for his last major foreign policy address as US President in December 2000. Sandy Berger, Clinton’s National Security, explaining the decision in his Press Briefing on 7 December 2000, said that: "Warwick is one of Britain's newest and finest research universities, singled out by Prime Minister Blair as a model both of academic excellence and independence from the government."[22]In February 2001, IBM donated a new S/390 computer and software worth £2 million to Warwick, to form part of a "Grid" enabling users to remotely share computing power.[24] In April 2004 Warwick merged with the and sites of Research International.[25] In July 2004 Warwick was the location for an important agreement between the Party and the Trade Unions on policy and trade union law, which has subsequently become known as the "Warwick Agreement".[26]In June 2006 the new University Hospital Coventry opened, including a 102,000 sq ft university clinical sciences building.[27]Warwick Medical School was granted independent degree-awarding status in 2007, and the School's partnership with the University of Leicester was dissolved in the same year.[28][29] In February 2010, Lord , director and founder of the unit at Warwick, made a £1 million donation to the university to support science grants and awards.[30][31]In February 2012 Warwick and Melbourne- announced the formation of a strategic partnership, including the creation of 10 joint senior academic posts, new dual master's and joint doctoral degrees, and co-ordination of research .[32] In March 2012 Warwick and Queen Mary, University of London announced the creation of a strategic partnership, including research collaboration, joint teaching of English, history and computer science undergraduates, and the creation of eight joint post-doctoral research fellowships.[33][34]In April 2012 it was announced that Warwick would be the only European university participating in the Center for Urban Science and Progress, an applied science research institute to be based in New York consisting of an international consortium of universities and technology companies led by New York University and -Poly.[35] In August 2012, Warwick and five other Midlands-based research-intensive universities— Aston University, the University of Birmingham, the University of Leicester, University and the University of Nottingham—formed the Group, a regional bloc intended to the member institutions' research income and enable closer collaboration.[36]In September 2013 it was announced that a new National Automotive Innovation would be built by at Warwick's main campus at a cost of £100 million, with £50 million to be contributed by Jaguar Land Rover and £30 million by Motors.[37][38]In July 2014, the government announced that Warwick would be the host for the £1 billion Advanced , a joint venture between the Automotive Council and industry. The ten-year intends to position the university and the UK as leaders in the field of research into the next generation of automotive technology.Warwick was at the of controversy in 2014 after police intervention following a free education protest.[39] Protesters the Police, the University security and the University administration, after students were threatened with a taser; CS gas was used on one protester and others were allegedly grabbed by the neck.[40]The University supported the police action, claiming that a member of staff had been assaulted. The three protesters were arrested during the event, one for assault and the others for obstruction; they were then later charged in 2015. Protesters responded by occupying a number of buildings on campus and creating a list of demands for management.[citation needed]The main campus hosts a large sports In 2013, the university invested £1.5 million in developing the , installing a state-of-the-art gym, alongside other facilities including a 25- swimming pool, squash courts, an indoor rock climbing facility, and two sports halls. Elsewhere on campus are a number of other sports halls, a £2.5 million 4-court indoor floodlit outdoor courts, a 400 m athletics track, multi-purpose outdoor surfaces, and over 60 acres of outdoor playing fields, including a football pitch and cricket grounds. Sports facilities are being constantly expanded, following the commencement of Warwick Sport, a 2005 joint venture between the university and the Students' Union. Most of the university's sports facilities are open to the general public.Warwick was an official training venue for the London 2012 Olympics. During the Games, some football matches were played at the nearby Arena, home of Coventry City Football Club, and Warwick provided training and residential facilities for the Olympic teams.

University Of Bristol

The University of Bristol is ranked 11th in the UK for its research, according to the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 by GPA.[13] The University of Bristol is ranked 37th by University Rankings 2015-16, and is ranked the top ten of UK universities by , THE, and .[14][15][16] A highly selective institution, it has an average of 6.4 (Sciences faculty) to 13.1 (Medicine Faculty) applicants for each undergraduate place.[17] The University of Bristol is the youngest British university to be ranked among the top 40 institutions in the world according to the World University Rankings.Current academics include 21 fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences, 13 fellows of the British Academy, 13 fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 44 fellows of the Royal Society.[18] The university has been associated with 12 Nobel laureates throughout its history, including Paul Dirac, Sir William Ramsay, Cecil Frank Powell, Sir Winston Churchill, Dorothy Hodgkin, Hans Bethe, Max Francis Mott, Harold Pinter, Jean-Marie Leo and Angus Bristol is a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities,[19] the European-wide Group[20] and the Worldwide Universities Network, of which the university's previous vice-chancellor, Eric Thomas, was chairman from 2005 to 2007.[21] In addition, the university holds an Erasmus Charter, sending more than 500 students per year to partner institutions in Europe.[22]The earliest antecedent of the university was the engineering department of the Merchant Technical College (founded as a school as early as 1595) which became the engineering faculty of Bristol University.[23] The university was also preceded by Bristol Medical School (1833) and University College, Bristol, founded in 1876,[10] where its first lecture was attended by only 99 students.[24] The university was able to apply for a royal charter due to the financial support of the Wills families, who made their fortunes in tobacco plantations and chocolate, respectively. The Wills Family made a vast fortune from the tobacco industry and gave generously to the city and university. The royal charter was gained in May 1909, with 288 undergraduates and 400 other students entering the university in October 1909. Henry Wills III became its first chancellor.[10] The University College was the first such institution in the country to admit women on the same basis as men.[10] However, women were forbidden to take examinations in medicine until 1906.[25]After the founding of the University College in 1876, Government support began in 1889. After mergers with the Bristol Medical School in 1893 and the Merchant ' Technical College in 1909,[29] this funding allowed the opening of a new medical school and an engineering school—two subjects that remain among the university's greatest strengths. In 1908, gifts from and Wills families, particularly £100,000 from Henry Wills III (£ in today's money), were provided to endow a University for Bristol and the West of England, provided that a royal charter could be obtained within two years. In December 1909, the King granted such a charter and erected the University of Bristol.[26] Henry Wills became its first chancellor Lloyd Morgan the first vice-chancellor.[30] Wills died in 1911 and in tribute his sons George and Harry built the Wills Memorial Building, starting in 1913 and finally finishing in 1925.[31] Today, it houses parts of the academic provision for earth sciences and law, and graduation ceremonies are held in its Great Hall. The Wills Memorial Building is a Grade II* listed building.[32]In 1946, the university established the first drama department in the country.[10] In the same year, Bristol began offering special entrance exams and grants to aid the resettlement of servicemen returning home. Student numbers continued to increase, and the Faculty of Engineering eventually needed the new premises that were to become Queen's Building in 1955. This substantial building housed all of the university's engineers until 1996, when the department of Electrical of Computer Science moved over the road into the new Merchant ' Building to make space for these rapidly expanding fields. Today, Queen's Building caters for most of the teaching needs of the Faculty and provides academic space for the "heavy" engineering subjects (civil, mechanical, and aeronautical).With unprecedented growth in the, particularly in undergraduate numbers, the Student's Union eventually acquired larger premises in a new building in area of the city, in 1965. This building was more spacious than the Victoria Rooms, which were now given over to the Department of Music. The new many practice and performance rooms, some specialist rooms, as well as three bars: Bar 100; the Mandela (also known and the Avon Gorge. Whilst spacious, the Union building is thought by many to be ugly[40] and out of character compared to the architecture of the rest of the Clifton area, having been mentioned in a BBC poll to find the worst architectural eyesores in Britain.[41] The university has proposed relocating the Union to a more central location as part of its development '.[42] More recently, plans for redevelopment of the current building have been proposed.[43]The were a time of considerable student activism in the United Kingdom, and Bristol was no exception. In 1968, many students marched in support of Report, which called for higher student grants. This discontent culminated in an 11-day sit-in at the Senate House (the administrative headquarters of the university).[10] A series of chancellors and vice-chancellors led the university through these decades, with Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort taking over from Churchill as chancellor in 1965 before being succeeded by Dorothy Hodgkin in 1970 who spent the next 18 years in the office.[30]As the age of mass higher education dawned, Bristol continued to build its student numbers. The various undergraduate residences were repeatedly expanded and, more recently, some postgraduate residences have been constructed. These more recent ventures have been funded (and are run) by external companies in agreement with the university.The university has been regarded as being elitist by some commentators,[54] taking 41% of its undergraduate students from non-state schools, according to the most recent 2009/2010 figures, despite the fact that such pupils make up just 7% of the population[55] and 18% of 16+ year old pupils across the UK.[56] The intake of state school pupils at Bristol is lower than many .[57] The high ratio of undergraduates from non-state school has led to some tension at the university.[58]In late February and early March 2003, Bristol became embroiled in a row about admissions policies, with some private schools threatening a boycott[59] based on their claims that, in an effort to improve equality of access, the university was discriminating against their students. These claims were hotly denied by the university.[60] In August 2005, following a large-scale survey, the Independent Schools Council publicly acknowledged that there was no evidence of bias against applicants from the schools it represented.[61] The university has a new admissions policy,[34] which lays out in considerable detail the basis on which any greater or lesser weight may be given to particular parts of an applicant's backgrounds – in particular, what account may be taken of which school the applicant hails from. This new policy also encourages greater participation from locally resident applicants.

University Of Birmingham

the earliest beginnings of the university were previously traced back to the Queen's College which is linked to William Sands Cox in his aim of creating a medical school along strictly Christian lines, unlike the London medical schools, further research has now revealed the roots of the Birmingham Medical School in the medical education seminars of Mr John T, the first surgeon to the Birmingham Workhouse Infirmary, and later to the General Hospital. These classes were the first ever held outside London or south of the Scottish border in the winter of 1767–68. The first clinical teaching was undertaken by medical and surgical apprentices at the General Hospital, opened in 1779.[15] The medical school which grew out of the Birmingham Workhouse Infirmary was founded in 1828 but Cox began teaching in December 1825. Queen Victor her patronage to the Clinical Hospital in Birmingham and allowed it to be styled "The Queen's Hospital". It was the first provincial teaching hospital in England. In 1843, the medical college became known as Queen's College.[16]

In 1870, Sir Josiah Mason, the Birmingham industrialist and philanthropist, who made his fortune in making key rings, pens, pen nibs and electroplating, drew up the Foundation Deed for Mason Science College.[3] The college was founded in 1875.[2] It was this institution that would eventually form the nucleus of the University of Birmingham. In 1882, the Departments of Chemistry, Botany and Physiology were transferred to Mason Science College, soon followed by the Departments of Physics and Comparative Anatomy. The transfer of the Medical School to Mason Science College gave considerable impetus to the growing importance of that college and in 1896 a move to incorporate it as a university college was made. As the result of the Mason University College Act 1897 it became incorporated as Mason University College on 1 January 1898, with Joseph Chamberlain becoming the President of its Court of Governors.It was largely due to Chamberlain's enthusiasm that the university was granted a royal charter by Queen Victoria on 24 March 1900.[17] The family offered twenty-five acres (10 hectares) of land on the side of their estate in July. The Court of Governors received the Birmingham University Act 1900, which put the royal charter into effect on 31 May. Birmingham was therefore arguably the first so-called red brick university, although several other universities claim this title.The transfer of Mason University College to the new University of Birmingham, with Chamberlain as its first chancellor and Sir Oliver Lodge as the first principal, was complete. All that remained of Josiah Mason's legacy was his Mermaid in the sinister chief of the university shield and of his college, the double-headed lion in the .[18] It became the first civic and campus university in England.[citation needed]The University Charter of 1900 also included provision for a commerce faculty, as was appropriate for a university itself founded by industrialists and based in a city with enormous business wealth, in effect creating the first Business School in England.[citation needed] Consequently, the faculty, the first of its kind in Britain, was founded by Sir William Ashley in 1901, who from 1902 until 1923 served as first Professor of Commerce and Dean of the Faculty.From 1905 to 1908, Edward Elgar held the position of Professor of Music at the university. He was succeeded by his friend .[19]The university's own heritage archives are accessible for research through the university's Research Library which is open to all interested researchers.[20]The Great Hall in the Aston Webb Building was converted into the 1st Southern General Hospital during World War One, with 520 beds and treated 125,000 injured servicemen.[21]The university has been involved in many scientific breakthroughs and inventions. From 1925 until 1948, Sir Norm Professor and Director of the Department of Chemistry. He was appointed Dean of the Faculty of Science and acted as Vice-Principal from 1947 until 1948. His research focused predominantly on carbohydrate chemistry in which he confirmed a number of structures of optically active sugars. By 1928, he had deduced and confirmed the structures of maltose, ,lactose, , as well as the ring structure of sugars. His research helped to define the basic features of the starch, cellulose, glycogen, and molecules. He also contributed towards solving the problems with bacterial He was a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1937.[25]The cavity was developed in the Department of Physics by Sir John Randall, Harry Boot and James Sayers. This was vital to the Allied victory in World War II. In 1940, the memorandum, a document which demonstrated that the atomic bomb was more than simply theoretically possible, was written in the Physics Department by Sir Rudolf The university also hosted early work on gaseous diffusion in the Chemistry department when it Sir Mark made a proposal for the construction of a proton- in 1943, however he made no assertion that the machine would work. In 1945, phase stability was discovered; consequently, the proposal was revived, and construction of a machine that could surpass began at the university. However, because of lack of funds, the machine did not start until 1953. The National Laboratory managed to beat them; they started their in 1952, and get it entirely working in 1953, before the University of Birmingham.[26]In 1947, Sir Pet was appointed Mason Professor of Zoology at the university. His work involved investigating the phenomenon of tolerance and transplantation immunity. He collaborated with Rupert E. and they did research on problems of pigmentation and skin grafting in cattle. They utilized skin grafting to differentiate between and in cattle. Taking the earlier research of R. D. Owen into consideration, they concluded that actively acquired tolerance of could be artificially reproduced. For this research, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He left Birmingham in 1951 and joined the faculty at University College London, where he continued his research on transplantation immunity. He was a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1960.